10.4 Requirements for ventilation and air conditioning systems
10.4.1 Ventilation of the premises of enterprises must comply with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.05-91, SanPiN 42-123-577-91, and Fire Safety Rules in Ukraine.
10.4.2 Public catering enterprises with more than 50 seats shall be equipped with mechanical supply and exhaust ventilation.
10.4.3 Natural ventilation (including periodic ventilation) shall be carried out in the premises without emitting harmful or foul-smelling substances through the opening of windows, transoms, ventilation flaps with the mandatory netting of the opening openings with metal mesh or gauze.
10.4.4 At the enterprises with less than 50 places it is allowed to arrange ventilation with mechanical inducement without organized air supply.
10.4.5 At enterprises with more than 100 places, production shops, cold rooms and bathrooms shall be equipped with independent ventilation systems.
10.4.6. Combination of supply and exhaust systems for commercial premises and production shops is allowed at enterprises with the number of seats less than 100.
10.4.7. Estimated temperature and multiplicity of air exchange in the premises shall be taken according to SNiP 2.04.05-91.
10.4.8 Ventilation systems should provide in the dining halls the excess of inflow over exhaust not less than two volumes of hot shop and washing rooms.
10.4.9 In hot shops, bakery departments and washing rooms
The exhaust must exceed the supply by at least two volumes of these rooms.
10.4.10. General ventilation systems with mechanical inducement shall supply supply supply air to production, storage and utility rooms above the working area, and in hot shops and bakery departments – to the working area.
10.4.11. If it is necessary to install local ventilation suction, an independent exhaust ventilation system shall be arranged.
10.4.12. Local ventilation suction must be installed at a height of not less than 2 m from the floor.
10.4.13. It is allowed to install circular air ducts over the thermal equipment located island version, exceeding the dimensions of the equipment in plan by 0.5 m on each side.
10.4.14. Roasting equipment installed on trusses must be equipped with local suction units, which would overlap the area of the roasting equipment.
10.4.15. To protect workers from overheating near sources of radiant and convection heat (50 W/m2 or more), smothering and airflow shielding shall be used.
10.4.16. Systems supplying air for air showers and supply ventilation systems shall be separate.
10.4.17. Supply air should generally be supplied to a room with permanent occupancy.
10.4.18. The supply air should be heated to a temperature not less than 12°C.
10.4.19. Machine compartments of ammonia and freon units should be equipped with a system of supply ventilation with air heating in cold time, providing one and two times air exchange per hour respectively and with an exhaust ventilation system designed for three and five times air exchange per hour. Supply ventilation shall be with air heating during the cold period.
10.4.20. The air intake of the supply systems shall be at least 2 meters above ground level.
10.4.21. The air intake windows shall be equipped with louvers to prevent coarse dust from entering the system.
10.4.22. Chambers-sluices shall be equipped with heaters for air heating. Their type and capacity shall correspond to the capacity of the ventilation system.
10.4.23. The amount (flow rate) of incoming air shall comply with Construction Norms and Regulations 2.04.05-91 taking into account losses in lock chambers and air ducts.
10.4.24. Ventilation systems of public catering enterprises located in buildings of other purposes shall be independent.
10.4.25. Exhaust ventilation systems shall be separate for the following groups of rooms:
- for visitors (except for sanitary rooms and washrooms), hot shops and washrooms;
- production (excluding hot shops and washrooms), storage (excluding refrigerated chambers for storage of vegetables, fruits and food wastes) and administrative rooms;
- toilets, washrooms, and shower rooms;
- refrigerated chambers for storage of food waste.
10.4.26. Air and heat curtains shall be provided:
- at doors and openings in exterior walls without a vestibule in areas with a design outdoor temperature of 15 ° C and below;
- at exterior doors of lobbies at the calculated temperature of outside air
- and the number of people passing through the doors in a 1 hour period of 400 people or more;
- at exterior doors of buildings, if the vestibule is adjoined by rooms without a vestibule, equipped with air conditioners;
- at the exterior doors of wet rooms.
10.4.27. The design parameters for air and heat curtains should comply with SNiP 2.04.05-91.
10.4.28. Explosion-proof ventilation equipment should be used for the ventilation systems providing air suction:
- from gas-fired process equipment;
- from the devices for poultry plucking;
- when equipment is located in rooms of categories A and B or in the ducts of the systems serving the rooms of these categories (hereinafter referred to as ventilation equipment).
Explosion and fire hazard categories of rooms shall be accepted in accordance with Annex 6.
10.4.29. Equipment in ordinary design should be provided for local exhaust systems located in the premises of categories B, D, and D, removing steam-gas-air mixtures, if the technological processes in these premises exclude the possibility of forming explosive concentrations during normal operation of technological equipment and in case of its failure.
10.4.30. In rooms with installed gas technological equipment on the exhaust systems should be used grids with a device to regulate the air flow, excluding the possibility of their complete closure.
10.4.31. Fans, air conditioners, dust collectors, filters, valves and other equipment should be placed in special ventilation chambers.
10.4.32. Fans of exhaust systems can be placed outside the building provided they are equipped with sheds that exclude the ingress of atmospheric precipitation.
10.4.33. Fans located outside the building shall be enclosed.
10.4.34. Supply ventilation, air conditioning and air heating systems serving rooms in categories A and B shall not be placed indoors together with exhaust system equipment.
10.4.35. The equipment of exhaust systems that remove air from sanitary rooms, smoking rooms and other rooms shall not be placed together with the equipment for supply systems.
10.4.36. The equipment of exhaust systems from rooms of category B should not be placed together with the equipment of exhaust systems of rooms of category d.
10.4.37. Ventilation chambers should be assigned to the categories of explosion and fire hazard of the premises they serve.
10.4.38. In rooms for exhaust systems serving rooms of categories A and B it is not allowed to install heat points, water pumps.
10.4.39. The location of fans in chambers, distances between fans and projecting building structures and walls should comply with the requirements of SNiP 2.04.05-91.
10.4.40. The category of the premises according to the explosion and fire hazard should be applied according to ONTP-24-86 and the construction norms and regulations according to Appendix 6.
10.4.41. The air ducts of ventilation systems should be used of H class (normal) with regard to the requirements and rules of SNiP 2.O4.05-91.
10.4.42. Ventilation systems interlocked with automatic fire extinguishing or fire alarm systems shall be equipped with remote devices to turn off ventilation systems.
10.4.43. Heat carrier and air parameters shall be controlled in the systems specified in Chapters SNiP 2.O4.05-91.
10.4.44. Installation of the control systems should comply with SNiP 2.04.05-91.
10.4.45. Water supply to irrigation chambers, humidifiers and air conditioners dohumidifiers should be of drinking quality according to GOST 2874-82.
10.4.46. Water circulating in irrigation chambers and other devices of ventilation and conditioning systems should be filtered and, where necessary, bactericidal treatment should be provided.
10.4.47. Technical quality water should be provided for wet dust collectors of exhaust systems as well as for washing of supply equipment.
10.4.48. The quality of water for cooling equipment of air conditioner refrigeration units shall comply with the technical conditions for the refrigeration machines.
10.5. emergency ventilation
10.5.1 Emergency ventilation systems shall be provided in the rooms for poultry deboning, hot shop, batter mixing, cutting and baking departments, machine room of freon and ammonia refrigeration units, where large amounts of hazardous or explosive gases and vapors can suddenly enter the air.
10.5.2 When designing the emergency ventilation systems with mechanical inducement it is allowed to provide for installation of axial exhaust fans in the external enclosing structures of buildings and constructions (in the windows and other openings). Air discharge from them to the outside is allowed without the use of pipes and shafts.
10.5.3 In rooms up to 6 m high emergency ventilation together with general ventilation should provide 8x air exchange per hour.
10.5.4. the systems of emergency exhaust ventilation in production premises of A, B categories should be provided with mechanically actuated fans in explosion-proof version and electric motors complying with PUE.
10.5.5. it is allowed to use systems of emergency ventilation with natural inducement in production premises of B, G, D categories on condition that its required capacity is provided at any parameters of the outdoor air.
10.5.6. for emergency exhaust ventilation it is necessary to use main general exchange exhaust ventilation systems with reserve fans for emergency airflow;
Emergency exhaust ventilation systems in addition to the main systems (if the airflow of the main systems does not fully cover the emergency airflow), with reserve fans for the main systems;
emergency exhaust ventilation systems only, if it is impossible or impractical to use the main systems.
10.5.7. Receptacles (grids, nozzles) for removal of air from the premises by emergency exhaust ventilation should be placed in the areas of possible greatest accumulation of harmful and explosive substances.
In case of emergency emission of gases or vapors heavier than air (ammonia) into the premises the intake holes should be placed at a height of 0.3-1 m from the floor level, and in case of emission of gases and vapors lighter than air – located in the upper zone.
10.6 Operation of ventilation systems
10.6.1 Before commissioning ventilation units should be adjusted, brought up to design capacity and tested in accordance with the Instruction on testing and adjustment of ventilation devices and GOST 12.3.018-79.
10.6.2 Operation of the ventilation units should be carried out in accordance with the basic requirements of work safety:
- ventilating equipment may be switched on only if the drive belts, couplings and other rotating parts are shielded by grids or guards;
- it is forbidden to clutter ventilation chambers, ducts and platforms with foreign objects;
- cleaning, repair, lubrication, tightening the bolts of electric motors, fans, pumps, etc. must not be carried out until the rotating parts come to a complete stop;
- If any shocks or vibrations are detected, the equipment must be shut down immediately.
10.6.3 It is prohibited during operation of ventilation systems:
- use ventilation ducts as chimneys;
- connect gas and heating appliances to the ventilation ducts
- to burn off fat deposits and other combustible substances accumulated in ducts, umbrellas
- closing exhaust ducts, openings and grills;
- leave the doors of ventilation chambers open.
10.5 Emergency ventilation
10.5.1 Emergency ventilation systems shall be provided in poultry sealing rooms, hot shop, batter mixing, cutting and baking departments, machine room of freon and ammonia refrigeration units, in which large amounts of harmful or explosive gases and vapors may suddenly enter the air.
10.5.2 When designing emergency ventilation systems with mechanical inducement it is allowed to install axial exhaust fans in the external enclosing structures of buildings and constructions (in windows and other openings). Air discharge from them to the outside is allowed without the use of pipes and shafts.
10.5.3 In rooms up to 6 m high emergency ventilation together with general ventilation should provide 8x air exchange per hour.
10.5.4. the systems of emergency exhaust ventilation in production premises of A, B categories should be provided with mechanically actuated fans in explosion-proof version and electric motors complying with PUE.
10.5.5. it is allowed to use systems of emergency ventilation with natural inducement in production premises of B, G, D categories on condition that its required capacity is provided at any parameters of the outdoor air.
10.5.6. for emergency exhaust ventilation it is necessary to use main general exchange exhaust ventilation systems with reserve fans for emergency airflow;
Emergency exhaust ventilation systems in addition to the main systems (if the airflow of the main systems does not fully cover the emergency airflow), with reserve fans for the main systems;
emergency exhaust ventilation systems only, if it is impossible or impractical to use the main systems.
10.5.7. Receptacles (grids, nozzles) for removal of air from the premises by emergency exhaust ventilation should be placed in the areas of possible greatest accumulation of harmful and explosive substances.
In case of emergency emission of gases or vapors heavier than air (ammonia) into the premises the intake holes should be placed at a height of 0.3-1 m from the floor level, and in case of emission of gases and vapors lighter than air – located in the upper zone.
10.6 Operation of ventilation systems
10.6.1 Before commissioning ventilation units should be adjusted, brought up to design capacity and tested in accordance with the Instruction on testing and adjustment of ventilation devices and GOST 12.3.018-79.
10.6.2 Operation of the ventilation units should be carried out in accordance with the basic requirements of work safety:
- ventilating equipment may be switched on only if the drive belts, couplings and other rotating parts are shielded by grids or guards;
- it is forbidden to clutter ventilation chambers, ducts and platforms with foreign objects;
- cleaning, repair, lubrication, tightening the bolts of electric motors, fans, pumps, etc. must not be carried out until the rotating parts come to a complete stop;
If any shocks or vibrations are detected, the equipment must be shut down immediately.
10.6.3 It is prohibited during operation of ventilation systems:
- use ventilation ducts as chimneys;
- connect gas and heating appliances to the ventilation ducts
- to burn off fat deposits and other combustible substances accumulated in ducts, umbrellas
- closing exhaust ducts, openings and grills;
- leaving ventilation doors open.